Should Britain adopt the Euro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Britain adopt the Euro - Essay Example This transformation has been successful in meeting its goal. Greece has since adopted the Euro while Sweden, Denmark and Britain, the latter of which is not considered a European country, have not. Many legislators and economists have suggested that it is simply a matter of when, not if, the UK will adopt the Euro. This discussion examines the benefits the UK will retain when this eventually happens and answers the legitimate concerns of those opposed to the transformation. Certain indisputable results have occurred following the conversion to the Euro. It has eliminated the costs and risks involved when exchanging foreign currency with other counties of the EU and made more transparent the cost of products. By adopting the Euro, Britain would be allowed a place on the European Central Bank (ECB) board thus being able to participate in the economic policy of the EU.   This would enhance the political influence of the UK which in turn would produce beneficial long-term opportunities for its economy. According to many published studies conducted regarding the effect of the Euro, using a common currency has already proven to augment trade and competitiveness within the countries that use it. One study that measured the influence of the Euro on trade discovered â€Å"countries that share a common currency trade about three times as much as countries without a common currency† (Micco et al, 2003). It is clear that trade between Britain and EU countries would escalate if the same currency was used. Differences in types of money present barriers to trade because of the cost factors involved in converting it. Large corporations would save significant amounts and open up previously unfeasible opportunities of trade to smaller companies. Reducing the cost of trade will make Britain more competitive as companies will be able to charge less for products yet yield

The War on drugs Essay Example for Free

The War on drugs Essay The War on drugs has been ongoing in America for over 30 years, but it hasnt been working out the way people thought it would be. Im against the the â€Å"War† on drugs. The â€Å"War† on drugs is ineffective and needs to changed. The â€Å"War† on drugs needs to be changed because it costs the government way too much money. According to Havards Jeffrey A. Miron an economist, and doctoral candidate Katherine Waldock, in the U.S alone legalizing drugs would save roughly 41. 3 billion per year in government expenditure on enforcement of prohibition (Bandow, 2011). This means that the government could save a lot of money if they would just stop the â€Å"War† on drugs. Alcohol and tobacco are more dangerous than some illegal drugs. According to Professor David Nutt of Britains Bristol University and colleagues, heroin, crack and crystal meth are deadliest to individual user, but when their wider social effects are taken into account, alcohol is the most damaging, followed by heroin and crack (Hunter, 2010). This means that more people are using alcohol than heroin or crack because of that alcohol has cause more damage to people; the governments just being hypocrites about the â€Å"War†, theyre fighting something that are less dangerous than the things that already are legal. The current drug laws promote additional crime. According to The Cato Institutes David Boaz and Timothy Lynch, addicts commit crimes to pay for a habit that would be ea sily affordable if it were legal (Bandow, 2011). This mean that people are committing crimes to get the money so they can pay for the drugs at a high price in the black market. Overall the â€Å"War† on drugs hasnt been helping people in the U.S at all. See more:  Capital budgeting essay Drug use may not be wise, and it could even cause death. However, the â€Å"War† on drugs has cause the U.S turn into a prison state, putting more Americans in prison each and everyday. According to Lisa Trei at Stanford University in 1980, about 2 million people in the United States were under some kind of criminal justice supervision. By 2000, the figure had jumped to about 6 million, the jump is largely attributed to the government’s ongoing war on drugs. The â€Å"War† is not stopping people from using drugs, just a program to watse money. If I was able to in charge of a country I would try to make drug use legal.  By having drugs legal the crime rate will drop because people can buy them legally for cheap money. I would also set an age limit on people that could use drug. This way kids will know when they grow up they will have a chance to try it, that will decrease youth drug use. Lastly, I would set a limit on how much people could buy. By setting this restriction drug use wont able to harm people as much as before. These laws could help out to country.

Assessment of Naproxen and Paracetamol in Mixed Tablet

Assessment of Naproxen and Paracetamol in Mixed Tablet METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ASSESSMENT OF NAPROXEN AND PARACETAMOL IN MIXED TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY RP-UPLC K.KANAKAPARVATHI*, Vijay Nagarjan, Santha Arcot and CH Hemanth Kumar. ABSTRACT An advancement design and corroboration for simultaneous assessment of Naproxen (NAP) and Paracetamol (PAR) in merged tablet dosage form by UPLC. The column used in determination was C18 thermo fisher (50cm x 4.6 mm x 3Â µm), mobile phase used in this method was 0.4% ammonium acetate buffer: methanol: acetonitrile (40:40:20), the retention time was about 1.9 minutes and 3 minutes for PAR and NAP of a total run time of 5 minutes, with flow rate of 0.2ml per minute respectively at a wavelength of 271nm, linearity of the method was linear over the range of 38.496 to 57.664ÃŽ ¼g/ml for Paracetamol and 64.096 to 95.968ÃŽ ¼g/ml of Naproxen respectively with a correlation of 0.999 for simultaneous assessment for PAR and NAP thus the method was fast, simple, elegant and less time consuming method Keywords: Naproxen, Paracetamol RP-UPLC, Method validation INTRODUCTION Naproxen is chemically 2-Naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-methoxy-ÃŽ ±-methyl-(s)-(+)-(s)-6 methoxy-ÃŽ ±-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid as shown in (Figure 1). It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for minimizing of moderate to severe torment, delirium, inflammation and stiffness. [6-11]. Paracetamol (PAR) is chemically N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (Figure 2), It has analgesic and antipyretic activity for the therapy of subsidiary, non-inflammatory conditions of patient who were prone to gastric symptoms [12-14]. The merger of these two drugs are used in the remedy [11] of Musculoskeletal Disorder (Sprain/Strains) Trauma Fractures/injuries), Occupational affliction, Joint torment, Low Back laceration the literature review supports legion UPLC methods for the evaluation of NAP and PAR independently and in combination with other drugs but There was no UPLC method had been reported for the determination of NAP and PARA in merged dosage form So an experiment was taken to expand and corroborate a rapid RP-UPLC method [1-5] for the determination of NAP and PARA in mixed tablet dosage forms. Figure 1 NAPROXEN Figure 2 Paracetamol MATERIALS NAP and PAR was earned from Ideal analytical and research institution puducherry, India. All chemicals worn were analytical standard. The pharmaceutical tablet dosage form used in this study was NAPROSYN P with a label claim of NAP 300mg and PAR 500mg were purchased from local pharmacy. INSTRUMENTATION AND APPARATUS The uplc system used for advancement design and corroboration was thermo accela equipped with 1050 quaternary pump auto sampler and photodiode array detector. The detector output were recorded and processed using chrome quest software version 5.0 sonicator (PCI bath sonicator ) was used for degassing of mobile phase and sonication of the solutions prepared SOFTWARE: The statically calculation for the analysis was performed by using Microsoft excel 2010 software (Microsoft, USA) METHOD CORROBORATION: SYSTEM SUITABILITY: System suitability was determined by injecting the standard solution and observed the parameters like retention time, peak area, relative standard deviation, tailing factor, USP theoretical plates. LINEARITY For testing of linearity five different concentration of sample solution (80%, 90%, 100%, 110%, and 120%) was injected and checked over by plotting the graph as peak area verses concentration thus the data treated by linear regression analysis. ACCURACY Accuracy can be done by injecting the sample solution with known standard concentration and the amount of percentage recovery gives the accuracy of sample. PRECISION Precision can be evaluated by Interday and intraday, were the same sample solution has to be assayed for the same day and on different days at different time intervals ROBUSTNESS The determination of robustness can be done by changing the experimental condition deliberately. The condition may include of changing in mobile phase flow rate, pH and temperature, the percentage of RSD, tailing factor, resolution, were cross check with the original data. RESULT DISCUSSION: The method has validated according to the norms of international harmonization of conference (ICH) guidelines with regards of system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness as follows SYSTEM SUITABILITY The system suitability tests were carried out to evaluate the resolution and reproducibility of the system for the analysis. The results of the system suitability test were summarized in Table No.1. Table 1: System suitability results S.No PARAMETERS PAR NAP 1 Retention Time 1.807 3.007 2 Peak area 410801 306340 3 Percentage area 57.28 42.72 4 Theoretical plates 2633 3306 5 Resolution 0.0000 0.85712 6 Tailing factor 1.754 1.696 Solution stability The solvents which had been used in the mobile phase were cost effective than the solvents used in the other UPLC methods which are reported in the literatures. Standard and samples solution stability was studied above 12 and 24 hours and found stable against the freshly prepared standard. Table2. Results of Solution stability Time (hrs) Percentage Assay Percentage difference in assay PAR NAP PAR NAP Initial 99.92 99.99 0.002 0.001 After 12 hrs 99.52 99.57 0.003 0.002 After 24 hrs 99.12 99.19 0.001 0.002 LINEARITY Linearity of the method was evaluated at 5 different concentration levels of 38.496 to 57.664ÃŽ ¼g/ml for Paracetamol and 64.096 to 95.968ÃŽ ¼g/ml of Naproxen respectively. Both the drugs were found to give linear detector response in the concentration under study with correlation coefficient of 0.997 and 0.999 for PAR and NAP respectively. Table3: Linearity study for NAP and PAR S.NO PARAMETERS PAR NAP 1 Linearity range 38.49 57.664ÃŽ ¼g/ml 64.09 -95.96ÃŽ ¼g/ml 2 Correlation coefficient (r2) 0.997 0.999 3 Slope 3769.8726 2867.1591 4 Intercept 1567.7362 0.1591 ACCURACY Accuracy of the method was determined by recovery test. The percentage recovery was found to be within the concentration of 100 to 115 as 100, 105, 110, and 115 (Table4). All results indicate that the method is highly accurate. Table: 4(a) accuracy data for PAR S.NO ACCURACY LEVEL STANDARD AREA SAMPLE AREA Mg/tab PERCENTAGE 1 100 404871 393726 499.83 99.97 2 105 404871 413927 525.48 105.1 3 110 404871 433143 549.87 109.97 4 115 404871 454077 576.46 115.29 Table 4(b) accuracy data for NAP S.NO ACCURACY LEVEL STANDARD AREA SAMPLE AREA Mg/tab PERCENTAGE 1 100 306460.4 303506 299.26 99.75 2 105 306460.4 319467 315.00 105.00 3 110 306460.4 334246 329.57 109.86 4 115 306460.4 350847 345.94 115.31 PRECISION This method was validated for its inter-day and intra-day precision. The results (table4) obtained were within the acceptable limit. Table 5: results for precision studies s.no Parameter(units) PAR NAP STANDARD AREA SAMPLE AREA PERCENTAGE STANDARD AREA SAMPLE AREA PERCENTAGE 1 Interday precision (1st day) (2nd day) (3rd day) 404871 404871 404871 401886 402568 403442 100.87 99.28 100.74 306460 306460 306460 307076 307209 309589 99.77 98.08 100.07 2 Intraday precision 1sthrs 2nd hrs 3rd hrs 404871 404871 404871 402645 401507 400271 100.17 100.65 100.49 306460 306460 306460 309957 307438 307946 99.82 99.76 100.07 3 Average 100.366 99.595 4 SD 0.584 0.75 5 RSD 0.582 0.758 ROBUSTNESS The robustness of the method was determined and the percentage RSD of the results was found to be less than 2.0%, which demonstrate that the developed method is robust. Table6. Results of Robustness parameter CHANGED PARAMETERS FLOW RATE WAVE LENGTH S.NO PARAMETERS 190 210 269 273 PAR NAP PAR NAP PAR NAP PAR NAP 1 Retention time 1.938 3.215 1.70 2.832 1.810 3.005 1.810 3.007 2 Area 462947 347334 406134 306784 432154 322852 426295 347442 3 % area 57.13 42.87 56.97 43.03 57.24 42.76 55.10 44.90 CONCLUSION: Thus, the above stated method for determination of PAR and NAP by UPLC method concludes as it can be quantified simultaneously by using of isocratic mobile phase of 0.4% ammonium acetate buffer: methanol: acetonitrile (40:40:20), by using of PDA detector at 271 nm. Thus the proposed method is simple, precise, accurate, rapid and sensitive, where it can be applied successfully for the assessment of PAR and NAP in combined pharmaceutical formulations. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to ideal analytical and research laboratory pondycherry, India for all the facilities provided to complete our work.

Essay --

‘Myths get thought in man unbeknowest to him’[1]; As a structuralist, Levi-Strauss ‘offers a number of important reinterpretations of the kinds of ideological thought and practice with ‘symbolic anthropology’, within his analysis of the four Winnebago myths, he sheds light on how change within myth reflects Winnebago society universally. Within each of these myths, the way one goes about living their life determines what happens to them after their life on earth comes to an end. Through using Levi- Strauss’ analysis of each of the four myths, I am going to demonstrate how spiritual change occurs within the Winnebago culture and ‘since structure is entirely relational [...] any content can only arise for us out of the form – the kinship, mythological, or social structures with which anthropology confronts us.’ Structuralism is in a way, attempting to ‘create codes by means of which to communicate.’ To be able to u nderstand our own culture it is simply ‘dialectic’, this is as it is content for our own society; yet when looking at ‘alien cultures it can only be structural – containing knowledge of- and, as such part of the subjectivity of our own society which communicates to us the objectivity of another.’ The chapter, which I am evaluating, is primarily based on myths collected by Radin whilst creating his ethnography of the Winnebago culture. Levi-Strauss chose myths that are all of the same belief but they differ slightly in their forms; the person experiences death but each form differs slightly in each myth, which further develops through the ability to renew lives through the act of heroic traits. Within the first myth, warriors die in battle defending their tribe. This highlights the concept of the capital of life... ...ve; that is ambivilant spirits combining good and evil features. So ends the myth.’ Levi-Strauss concludes that that this myth highlights the Winnebago believe that those who live extraordinary lives, yet have qualities that are negative, will neither live nor die.’ Through the use of cross analysis, Levi- Strauss was able to theorise how the people of the Winnebagos interpret and experience how the change affects the spirit of these people. In only pursuing the betterment of the group and not as an individual within the society you are rewarded by the spiritual world, which in turn affects the way in which the members of these tribes act; as they would be punished, which we see with the transformation from human to animal. He demonstrates how we can grasp a good source of information from the symbols that are represented within the culture. [1] Strauss, Levi,

Children with Special Needs and How They Interact

As numerous people have stated before, â€Å"if you want to understand someone, take a walk in their shoes. â€Å" From this, one is not able to truly comprehend the feelings someone may have or how many difficulties a person endeavors on a day-to-day basis, unless they spend time with them. The topic that I helped research as a group for our senior project was how students with special needs cooperate with others like them, and then how they interact with people in society that do not have these needs. While researching this project, I kept one question in mind, what similarities and differences occur with these children when they are brought into these situations with new people. Through our mentor, we were able to interact with the special needs children at our school, one by observing from a distance, not to interfere with how they may regularly go about their school day, and then engaging in the tasks of assisting the students with whichever task they had at hand. Numerous children each year are born with disabilities that classify them with needing certain attention in various areas unlike children who do not have these needs. The statistics show that 1 out of every 5 children born will have some sort of impairment that requires the attention of a specialist in that disability. However, until one has been through the types of activities those children have been, it is quite difficult to learn how it is to have these disabilities, and how socializing with others that they are not familiar with can be altered from how one would normally act around others of the same needs. Most of these children are nervous or shy themselves away from regular students at the school, mostly because they either don’t want to try to make friends with them or that they are too afraid that they might be criticized for how they truly are. When our mentor, Mrs. Rang was interviewed, we asked her a series of questions to try to get a better understanding of how these children are, and what she thought of our idea for a possible senior project. Through this interview, we we’re able to find out numerous things about how things in the classroom work for these students. For instance, when asked how often and when the students interacted with students unlike them at the school, we were given the answer of that the interactions were very limited, these times came during physical education classes, bake sales, and fundraisers. Additionally, we also were informed on how well the children cooperate with each other in the classroom, and it was apparent that there was almost a family-like bond between the children. However, based on research, some children with disabilities have a fear of reaching out to socializing with others. These fears can come about from numerous sources, either through mostly experience or what can be seen or heard through the media. The most powerful source of getting news across the world is through the media, where within the chaos, numerous stories are said to be factual, when only the story is false, and people will only read it if it is intriguing to society. One of these stories includes how children with disabilities are being treated at a certain institute in Canton, Massachusetts, by using shock therapy. Whether or not these reports are true does not matter to the reporters, however if a child with special needs sees this story, it would result in them only wanting to surround themselves with other children that are like them due to the safety they may feel with them. Bullying is another form of socialization that may trigger the child’s abilities to break out of their shell and interact with others. With many children feeling like that they won’t be accepted due to their disabilities, their socialization skills deplete and children become more introverted. However, there are numerous websites and books that are help to assist one with their child’s needs in order for them to benefit from the factors of regular children. Certain aspects like greeting a new person everyday will allow them to not be intimidated by the children that are not like them. With proper guidance and support, these children with disabilities can be able to interact with other children unlike them in a comfortable environment. Furthermore, it has been seen in many instants where children with disabilities are able to interact with similar children with ease than to that of others. A variety of reasons can be held accountable for this explanation, such as how much time is spent with comparable children, and the emotions that are felt during these time periods. For example, during our interview, our mentor was able to inform us on how caring the children are for one another, which I feel takes into account where they spend the majority of their day in school together, and those students are the children that they interact with almost everyday. Additionally, many will say that the more time you spend with a person, the more you get to know them and care for them, which is proof with these children. Some however, may not want to branch out and socialize with other children, which even though I feel these students would benefit from the experience, people can not be pressured into something they are not comfortable doing. When doing this sort of project, there are certain risks and learning experiences that come with the opportunity we were presented with. In order to fully commit myself to this project, a certain level of commitment and connection had to be made with the task at hand. Before this project was assigned, I had volunteered time at the Nursing Home where there are numerous patients with disabilities that after listening to their stories, had numerous troubles growing up. It was evident that just like the children now, some wanted to socialize with others, while some rather stay locked up in their rooms all day in a groggy mood. As a result, it inspired me to find out why people with disabilities are sometimes stubborn to interact with others, while still establishing friendships with those who desired companionship in the home, especially those who made connections with others who had similar disabilities. Due to the level of this project, there were also numerous risks and successions that are related to the action of the assignment. After discussing that the group desired to work with the special needs children in Mrs. R & Mr. Dami’s class, we knew that we did not want the students to feel like they were just an assignment, where they would only be talked to for a month or two, and then once the class was over, the connection that was made would slowly disappear. If that was the case, no one would benefit from this project, I knew that we had to make sure that we got to know the students, how their personalities were, what their interests are, and other such aspects. The risk being taken was that when going into this project, we were not aware of how the students might feel with us being in their classroom. Being uncomfortable in a safe environment is one of the factors that we as a group wanted to make sure would not happen, however studying their behavior with others would allow us to benefit for the task at hand. Success would be able to be achieved, only if our interactions were carried out properly. From this, our success would be finding out the difference between the socialization that children with disabilities use when they are surrounded with different people. Moreover, failure would also be expected when we were spending time with the children because as Benjamin Disraeli once said, â€Å" All my successes have been built on my failures†. From this, we were not expecting perfection the first time we met the children, but hopefully, a bond would slowly start to form between us and eventually they would become more comfortable to talk to us when they ever saw in the hallways or during lunches. This is able to relate to civics, where from our education throughout the years in socializing with others, not bullying, and always making other feel welcome, we are able to take the lessons that we have already learned, and apply them to the task at hand and hopefully make new friends along the way. The experiences that I have had so far have been very beneficial to not only me, but my group as a whole. We were able to discover that some of the children with special needs wanted friends, but were too afraid to due to lack of socializing when they were younger. On another note, some children were able to talk to anyone that was willing to listen, while others unfortunately did not wish to make new friends than the ones that they already had currently in the classroom. Different personalities were able to shine through while we visited the students during different blocks, and friendships were able to begin being built. However, more information on why parents and others do not try to socialize their children with disabilities would be helpful when working on this project, however, the best is being made with the research we have. Throughout the experience however, it reminded me of being with the patients at the nursing home, as if those patients younger selves were able to interact with me now, and it was able to give my more insight into their everyday lives, even though I may not have been able to walk a mile in them. To end off though with these friendships and the positive effects they will hopefully have on these children, as Francis Bacon once stated, â€Å"This communicating of a man’s self to his friend works two contrary effects; for it redoubleth joys, and cutteth grief’s in half†. Where joy is able to be experienced by those who enjoy the companionship of a good friend, and the grief they may have suffered is no longer that big of a burden for them to handle.

Vaughan’s subtleties in limning God in his poems of the divine

Henry Vauhgan was one of the more important poetic icons of the 17th century. Born in 1622 in Breconshire, Wales, he eventually became a bright student of Oxford University (Bateson 346). After a few years, he pursued Law for beginning his poetic enterprise. As a poet, one of his greatest contributions was his anthology of poems which leaned on occult and spiritual themes –Silex Scintillians or the Fiery Flint (Vaughan 12). His works evidently have a religious tone, very distant from his initial inclination as a writer. Vaughan also became identified with a group of writers called the metaphysical poets.These poets of the 17th century mostly wrote lyric poems about abstract things – things that cannot be seen or touched, or simply do not have a concrete form (Harvey 255). Things or concepts like death, the human spirit and God were some of their more prominent choices of focus. Aside from that, the metaphysical poets are also much more distinguished for their incorporat ion of a metaphysical conceit in their work s (Craig 133). A metaphysical conceit is an elaborate comparison that makes use of two seemingly farfetched objects in establishing connections or similarities.The usage of unusual pair of images heightens the effect of the comparison and gives more emphasis to the point of comparison. In Henry Vaughan’s â€Å"Cock-crowing† and â€Å"They are all going into the world of light,† the employment of a metaphysical conceit can be spotted under a close scrutiny. However, this was not the only literary device which Vaughan used to make his two works par excellence. He also utilized different kinds of figures of speech to cloak his expression with a beautiful subtlety. In â€Å"Cock-crowing,† he used the image of the sun to allude to, if not overtly represent God.He characterized God through the sun and through allusion to the sun’s attributes. In that sense, the character of God was carefully assimilated in the poem through the characteristics of the sun where it was compared. Through this juxtaposition, the image of the sun and the hard emphasis put on it was used to foreground the image of God. The poem begins with the exclamatory call to the Father of lights, most probably referring to the sun. The first paragraph, in fact, is an apostrophe to the sun. The persona in the poem looks up to the sun with its might and greatness.It understands the sun as having control over the living things: â€Å"What glance of day hast thou confin’d into this bird, (Vaughan 109)† as it radiates with its domineering light upon them. While the sun was the central image in the openings stanza, it was merely being used as a symbol for God. Like the sun, God is also almighty and great, as He is the provenance of all living things and has control over all of them. In the second stanza, we will see how the people depend on and long for the might of the sun and the light it emanates. We also see the introduction of the element of night, an opposition of the element of light.The pronoun â€Å"their† refers to the people as they â€Å"watch for the morning hue,† and â€Å"expel night. (Vaughan 109)† It was made clear that the people favor the light over the night, sun over the absence of sun. If we follow the previous idea that the sun alludes to God, then we will also be led to the idea that the people also favors God over another element –perhaps the absence of a God, or the non-recognition of the presence of a God. In the third stanza, the element of light which is linked to the image if the sun was further highlighted. It was implied that the sun was the source of light which the people favors.By doing that implication, the image of the sun was also rendered desirable. The fourth stanza continues the glorification of the image of the sun. The sun’s star can be a source of power and strength: â€Å"So firm and longing can empower. † T he sun does not only pervade and do so for the sake of pervading. It also disperses an aura of power, or vigor. This vigor can be drunk upon by the people and give theme energy as well. Towards the end of this stanza, the character of God was already openly included but still maintaining the image of the sun.At this point, the operations of driving home the point have become dual: one operates under the pretext of the image of the sun and the other by reference to the newly–introduced character of God. The line â€Å"O thou, immortal light and heat (Vaughan 109) â€Å"which comes right after the introduction of the character of God only hammers out the comparison of the two and the central message that is being forwarded using the comparison. The sun was said to have immortal light and heat – perhaps the same way that God has immortal providence and guidance to all of us.As we can see, the juxtaposition has become more obvious as we get nearer to the end of the poem. This may be intentionally done to elucidate the message of the poem. In the second to the lasts stanza, we continue understanding the pervasiveness of the sun’s reach: â€Å"†¦shines through all this frame. (Vaughan 109)† Then, we were led to the idea of our interdependence with the sun and its light. The sun resides in us as it empowers and inspires us while we reside in it too as we imbibe its power and radiance. In the last stanza, the final exaltation of the sun was made.The persona in the poem enounces that without the sun, they would arrive at death, or a total absence of light, which is a daunting scenario. Without the light, the people will reach a state of disorder. By implying that, the poem also instill to us that without God, our lives will be dark and perilous, as the absence of His guidance is a very crucial thing. Like the absence of light, perhaps even more than that, we will be forsaken in the dark and eventually, through death. In this first poe m, we can see how Henry Vaughan used certain literary devices to render his message.He put the character of God to the background and relied instead on the characterization of the sun which he used to allude to God. The image of the sun was the one used to develop the message of the poem – the omnipotence of God and the infinite scope He owns in governing mankind and their world. In that sense, the sun has become a symbol for God – it was used to imbibe the traits of God and make it manifest in the poem. Meanwhile, in â€Å"They are all gone into the world of light,† we will first notice the presence of a fixed rhyme and meter.The rhyme scheme was abab cdcd efef ghgh and so on and so forth. The first and third lines and the second and fourth lines of each stanzas rhyme. The meter was ten syllables for the first and third lines, eight syllables for the second line and six syllables for the last line. The effect of these fixed patterns in rhyming and metering is t hat they call on the repetitiveness of the poem. The repetitive character of the poem makes it easier for the readers to recall the poem, read it easier and comprehend its message more easily.After reading, they can also more easily remember the poem and the message it spoke to them. This technique is more apt if the poem lingers in one central thought which it emphasizes and conveys in various ways. In this poem, the theme was the lure of the light –clarity and meaning – and how one feels deprived of it only to know its germination. The poem begins with three stanzas of juxtaposing the contrasting elements of light and dark. In the first stanza, the persona seems to bemoan how the people went to the place of light while he was left in the dark.While the others are being â€Å"fair and bright, (Vaughan 134)† he was filled with sad thoughts. In the second stanza, while others have glowing and glittering things all around them, the persona was left with a gloomy g rove. The persona was left with faint beams, as the sun is removed. In the third stanza, the persona keeps on vocally expressing his envy towards the other people who were already feasting on the light and its â€Å"air of glory† while his days are â€Å"dull and hoary, mere glimmering decays. (Vaughan 134)†The first three stanzas were primarily used to underline the two contrasting situations in the poem: one is the situation of the others (note the â€Å"they† pronoun in the title) and the situation of the persona. They were celebrating the presence of the light while he was groping in the dark, and envying those who feast on the light. The persona was aware of the difference and he knows that he deserves pity for being in that situation. In the fourth stanza, he began imprecating on an unseen being. He was calling for hope, calling on the heavens above.In the fifth stanza, the concept of death was introduced and the mystery that comes along with it. In the si xths stanza, the bird’s nest symbolizes a piece of clarity. At this point, we can see that the poem has built a situation that will await its own resolution. We saw the persona seemingly moping for being put on a despicable situation. The potential for death – with all of its uncertainties and threats – arrived out of nowhere, serving as another challenge for the man to overcome. Then, in the thick of all the ruckus and risk, he found the bird’s nest –a consolation, a piece of clarity.After that, we were brought to the resolving sequences. Using metaphysical conceit, the poem made us see how the man can get into the place of light as well. The character of angels was used and they served as divine representatives. They were introduced to bring the possibility of having brighter dreams. The angles which are the representative of the divine, poke the persona’s unconsciousness, ultimately leading the him from darkness to light. Here, the divine introduces us new things, it makes our â€Å"thoughts transcend wonted consciousness,† make us break free from the customs where we have familiarized ourselves into.As we get out of the confines of our previous customs, we got a piece of glory as well – the light we have been pining for so long. In the penultimate stanza, God was openly implored to, explicating the light that can be achieved through the Divine – through the presence and ministrations of God. It is through His help that the persona can plunge into â€Å"true liberty. (Vaughan 134)† Ultimately, in the last stanza, he recognizes that God can take away the haze and bring him into the light of things.What we seen in this second poem is a more complex metaphysical conceit that unravels itself more complicatedly and hence, more beautifully. The angel gives brighter dreams which go the same as God giving the key that unlocks the passage from darkness to light. The persona, upon the revelation of that elaborate metaphor, got to leave his current state of abandonment in the dark and relish the presence of light. The angel was a symbol for God, giving clues before its foreclosure. The theme of both poems centers on God and spirituality. God and His Divinity raise the spirits and give us a higher state of spirituality.This is faithful to where Vaughan has been known for – the cultivation of our spiritualities by accepting the bestowals of a higher being. WORKS CITED Bateson, Frederick Wilse. A guide to English literature. Garden City: Anchor Books, 1965. Print. Craig, Hardin. A history of English literature. New York: Collier Books, 1962. Print. Emmet, Dorothy Mary. The nature of metaphysical thinking. London: Macmillan, 1961. Harvey, Paul ed. The Oxford companion to English literature, 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. Print. Vaughan, Henry. Poetry and selected prose. London: Oxford University Press, 1963. Print.